长江中下游湖泊水体氧同位素组成   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

吴敬禄  林琳  曾海鳌  张恩楼  羊向东 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(3):53-56

通过长江中下游45个湖泊不同季节水体δ18O分析,对湖泊水体演化过程进行了研究。结果表明,湖泊水体δ18O主要反映了湖泊水源变化及湖泊水体与长江洪水期/枯水期交替演变的特征关系。受江湖关系随季节变化影响,处于长江中下游中段安徽省境内的巢湖、石塘湖等湖泊各季节水体δ18O都相对较高,处于上段和下段的鄱阳湖群和太湖湖群湖泊水体δ18O相对较低。因此,长江中下游上段和下段湖泊水体交换受长江影响较大,中段较小。对不同季节湖泊水体δ18O比较分析表明,长江对湖泊水体的影响主要在夏季,秋、冬季节湖泊水体稳定。黄盖湖、大冶湖等湖泊夏、秋两季水体δ18O大幅度变化与长江的水位波动直接有关,在长江洪水期,湖泊与长江相连;在长江枯水期,湖泊与长江分离。玄武湖水体δ18O的大变幅是人为换水造成的。  相似文献   

分段式造波机生成波浪内外部结构的一致性分析     

张宁川  俞聿修  柳长青 《海洋工程》2000,18(2):51-57

用60个波高仪组成2m×2m的方阵,同步测量波面过程,用Doppler声学流速仪获得了二维正向和斜向规则波、二维正向和斜向随机波以及三维随机波浪场中不同水深处的同步Euler水质点速度各方向分量的高精度的时间过程资料.以此为出发点,讨论了分段式造波机生成波浪的周期分布特征,发现三维随机波浪周期分布的μ值与二维随机波浪比较有明显增大的趋势.分别从速度合矢量方向与波向的吻合程度(对二维波浪)、"多点波面"组合与"波面-水质点速度"组合两种方式得到方向谱的吻合程度(对三维随机波浪)等不同角度,论证了分段式造波机产生的波浪的内外部结构的一致性.  相似文献   

Analytical and experimental investigation on transverse vibrations of solid, circular and annular plates carrying a concentrated mass at an arbitrary position with marine applications     

D.V. Bambill  S. La Malfa  C.A. Rossit  P.A.A. Laura 《Ocean Engineering》2004,31(2):127-138

This investigation arose from the practical necessity of placing a centrifugal pump rigidly attached to a thin, circular cover plate of a water tank in a medium size ocean vessel. Due to lack of space, it was necessary to locate the system off—center of the circular configuration. It was considered necessary to calculate the fundamental frequency of the coupled system.The first part of the present study is concerned with the determination of the fundamental frequency of vibration of a circular plate carrying a concentrated mass at an arbitrary position, using a variational approach.Numerical results are obtained for the stated problem for several combinations of the intervening geometric and mechanical parameters.An experimental investigation is also performed in the case of clamped plates.Based on the results for solid circular plates, the fundamental frequency of annular plates with a free inner edge and a concentrated mass is also obtained.Circular plates are fundamental structural elements in ocean engineering applications: from off-shore platforms to underwater acoustic transducers. In a great variety of circumstances, they must carry operational systems in an eccentric fashion. Since the dynamic performance is always of interest, one must know at least some of the basic dynamic parameters.  相似文献   

海浪外频谱的一种表示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴克俭 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,(3)

基于孙孚提出的海浪波高与外观频率的联合概率分布及海浪能量的外观分布概念，定义了一种新的外观分布，导出了其外频谱的解析形式，并讨论了它的一些性质。结论表明，本文提出的外频谱在高频处比例于外观频率的负4次方，与通常海浪频谱的高频特征相同，但不同于孙孚导出的负5次方的结论；二阶矩与海浪频谱的二阶矩完全相同，此结论亦与孙孚导出的结果不同。  相似文献   

Fish assemblages across the marine to low salinity transition zone of a temperate estuary   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Edward J. Martino  Kenneth W. Able 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(5-6):969-987

This 3-year study provides a large-scale perspective of fish assemblage structure across an ocean–estuarine ecotone, given range of salinity encountered (0.1–32) based on sampling at 12 stations along 40 km from the Mullica River (river), Great Bay (bay), and the adjacent inner continental shelf (ocean) in southern New Jersey. Otter trawl (4.9 m, 6 mm mesh) collections were dominated by young-of-the-year of most of the 49 species encountered. Species richness and abundance appeared greatest in the ocean, decreased (with an increase in inter-station variability) in the bay, and appeared to increase again towards the uppermost river stations. The same areas contained three non-discrete, but identifiable, fish assemblages based on Detrended Correspondence Analysis. Members of the Triglidae and Stromateidae characterized the ocean and bay, whereas representatives of the Percichthyidae and Ictaluridae characterized the river. Several species, including Anchoa mitchilli and Cynoscion regalis, exhibited a ubiquitous distribution across the sampling area. Further analyses with Canonical Correspondence Analysis identified salinity and geographic distance, among the variables examined, as the most important determinants in shaping the assemblages. Other contributors included habitat heterogeneity and water depth. In summary, these observations indicate that large-scale patterns in the structure of this estuarine fish assemblage are primarily a result of individual species' responses to dominate environmental gradients, as well as ontogenetic migrations, whereas smaller-scale patterns appear to be the result of habitat associations that are most likely driven by foraging, competition, and/or predator avoidance.  相似文献   

Stratigraphic framework of sediment-starved sand ridges on a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate inner shelf; west-central Florida   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. H. Edwards  S. E. Harrison  S. D. Locker  A. C. Hine  D. C. Twichell   《Marine Geology》2003,200(1-4):195-217

Seismic reflection profiles and vibracores have revealed that an inner shelf, sand-ridge field has developed over the past few thousand years situated on an elevated, broad bedrock terrace. This terrace extends seaward of a major headland associated with the modern barrier-island coastline of west-central Florida. The overall geologic setting is a low-energy, sediment-starved, mixed siliciclastic/carbonate inner continental shelf supporting a thin sedimentary veneer. This veneer is arranged in a series of subparallel, shore-oblique, and to a minor extent, shore-parallel sand ridges. Seven major facies are present beneath the ridges, including a basal Neogene limestone gravel facies and a blue-green clay facies indicative of dominantly authigenic sedimentation. A major sequence boundary separates these older units from Holocene age, organic-rich mud facies (marsh), which grades upward into a muddy sand facies (lagoon or shallow open shelf/seagrass meadows). Cores reveal that the muddy shelf facies is either in sharp contact or grades upward into a shelly sand facies (ravinement or sudden termination of seagrass meadows). The shelly sand facies grades upward to a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate facies, which forms the sand ridges themselves. This mixed siliciclastic/carbonate facies differs from the sediment on the beach and shoreface, suggesting insignificant sediment exchange between the offshore ridges and the modern coastline. Additionally, the lack of early Holocene, pre-ridge facies in the troughs between the ridges suggests that the ridges themselves do not migrate laterally extensively. Radiocarbon dating has indicated that these sand ridges can form relatively quickly (1.3 ka) on relatively low-energy inner shelves once open-marine conditions are available, and that frequent, high-energy, storm-dominated conditions are not necessarily required. We suggest that the two inner shelf depositional models presented (open-shelf vs. migrating barrier-island) may have co-existed spatially and/or temporally to explain the distribution of facies and vertical facies contacts.  相似文献   

Progress and Prospects of Salt Lake Research in China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHENG Mianping ZHANG Zhen  KONG Weigang  and LIN Yongjie  ZHANG Yongsheng  LIU Xifang  NIE Zhen  KONG Fanjing  QI Wen  Jia Qingxian  PU Linzhong  HOU Xianhu  WANG Hailei 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1195-1235

China has unique salt lake resources, and they are distributed in the east of Eurasian salt lake subzone of the Northern Hemisphere Salt Lake Zone, mainly concentrated in the regions with modern mean annual precipitation lower than 500 mm. This paper preliminarily reviews the progress made in salt lake research in China for the past 60 years. In the research of Paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from salt lake sediments, a series of salts have been proposed to be indicators of paleoclimate, and have been well accepted by scholars. The chloride-sulfate depositional regions of the west Qaidam and the east Tarim have been revealed to be the drought center of China since the Quaternary, and more than 6 spreading stages of arid climate(salt forming) have been identified. Five pan-lake periods with highstands have been proved to exist during the late Quaternary on the Tibetan Plateau. In mineral resource prospecting and theories of the forming of salt deposits: the atlas(1:2500000) of hydrochemical zoning of salt lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has been compiled for the first time, revealing the zonal distribution and transition from carbonate type to chloride type from south to north and presenting corresponding mineral assemblages for different type of salt lakes; several large continental salt deposits have been discovered and the theory of continental potash deposition has been developed, including the salt deposition in deep basins surrounded by high mountains, the mineral deposition from multistage evolution through chains of moderate or shallow lakes with multilevels, the origin of potassium rich brines in gravel layers, and the forming of potassium deposits through the inheriting from ancient salt deposits, thus establishing the framework of "Continental Potash Deposition Theory"; several new types of Mg-borate deposits have been discovered, including the ulexite and pinnoite bed in Da Qaidam Lake, Qinghai, the pinnoite and kurnakovite bed in Chagcam Caka, Tibet, the kurnakovite bed in Lake Nyer, and the corresponding model of borate deposition from the cooling and dissolution of boron rich brines was proposed based on principles of geology, physics and chemistry. The anti-floatation-cold crystallization method developed independently has improved the capacity of KCl production to 3 million tons per year for the Qarham, serving the famous brand of potash fertilizer products. One 1.2 million ton K-sulfate production line, the biggest in the world, has been built in Lop Nor, and K-sulfate of about 1.6 million tons was produced in 2015. Supported by the new technology, i.e. brine preparation in winter-cooling-solarization-isolation-lithium deposition from salt gradient solar pond" the highest lithium production base at Zabuye Lake(4421 m), Tibet, has been established, which is the first lithium production base in China that reaches the year production of 5000 tons of lithium carbonate. The concept of Salt lake agriculture(Salt land agriculture) has been established based on the mass growth of Dunaliella and other bacillus-algae and the occurrence of various halophytes in saltmarsh and salt saline-alkali lands, finding a new way to increase arable lands and develop related green industry in salt rich environments. Finally this paper presents some new thoughts for the further research and development on salt science, and the further progress in salt science and technology will facilitate the maturing of the interdisciplinary science "Salinology".  相似文献   

内蒙古察右中旗冰臼的发现及古气候意义     

李博昀  张明明  张旭  李健  祁才吉  逄思宇 《化工矿产地质》2016,(2):65-70

通过对内蒙古中部新发现的冰臼特征研究,认为该冰臼群为第四纪冰川遗迹。冰臼分布在海拔高度2005~2033m地势平缓开阔山顶部,发育于中生代中三叠世浅黄色中细粒二长花岗岩体之上,岩石完整坚硬,冰臼分布较为集中,其形态可分为圆形和不规则形两大类,口宽0.1~1.2m,深0.1~0.3m,形态规则,部分冰臼发育出水口和水流侵蚀槽,其方向不受风向的制约。通过与周边发现的冰臼群对比研究,形态特征基本一致,只是本区冰臼群发育的海拔高度更高,规模较小,但部分冰臼形态更加完整,水流冲刷、流动痕迹明显,符合冰臼的一般特征。总体看,本区冰臼的形成是在厚层冰层消融阶段长期受冰川融水冲刷、研磨作用所致。结合周边冰川遗迹发育情况,认为内蒙古、河北一带第四纪发育过较大规模冰川,可能具大陆冰川的性质。  相似文献   

The Effect of the Canadian Shield on Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Density     

Daniel Brown  Gerhard Reuter 《大气与海洋》2017,55(3):133-143

The Canadian Shield is a large area of exposed bedrock that covers a significant portion of Canada. The focus of this research is on the Canadian Shield in northeastern regions of the Canadian Prairie provinces, the Northwest Territories, and northwestern Ontario. Observations of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes show a distinct reduction in lightning density when crossing the southern boundary of the Canadian Shield. Statistical tests were used to determine whether there was a statistically significant change between the average cloud-to-ground lightning density gradient near the Canadian Shield and away from it. Most regions had a statistically significant change at the 95% confidence level across the boundary. However, regions that contained large lakes or significant topography did not, suggesting that the large open water and rough topography have a greater effect than the Canadian Shield.

Three reasons for the distinct change across the Canadian Shield were explored: less lightning is detected, less lightning occurs with the same number of thunderstorms, and less lightning occurs because fewer thunderstorms occur. Some evidence suggested that less lightning is detected because the Canadian Shield has lower electrical conductivity. The low conductivity distorts the lightning waveform and contributes to higher errors and lower detection efficiency. There is also some evidence that a sharp change in land cover from lusher, higher transpiring forest to sparser lower transpiring forest could be reducing the instability causing fewer, weaker thunderstorms.  相似文献   

An approach to extracting surface supply relationships between glaciers and lakes on the Tibetan Plateau     

Bei-Bei Ai  Qinghua Ye  A-Xing Zhu  Graham Cogley 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(11):1151-1165

Surface supply relationships between glaciers and lakes are needed to analyze and understand hydrological processes at regional and global scales. However, these supply relationships still cannot be extracted efficiently by existing methods. This paper proposes an automatic and efficient approach to extracting surface supply relationships between glaciers and lakes based on meltwater flow paths. The approach includes two stages: (1) identifying direct connections between objects (i.e. glaciers and lakes) based on flow direction derived from digital terrain analysis on a gridded digital elevation model (DEM) and (2) deriving all (or user-specified) kinds of surface supply relationships based on graph search. All computation-intensive steps in this approach have been parallelized; and all steps in the proposed approach have been integrated as an automatic program. Results for the Tibetan Plateau show that given outline data for glaciers and lakes and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM, the proposed approach can automatically derive diverse surface supply relationships under user-specified restrictions on the attributes of the supply route. The parallelization in the approach effectively improves the computing efficiency. The proposed approach could also be applied to developing a detailed fundamental dataset of supply relationships between glaciers and lakes for other region or period.  相似文献